Data

Raw JSON

[
  {
    "id": "google",
    "name": "Google (Gemini)",
    "sustainability_report_url": "https://sustainability.google/reports/google-2024-environmental-report/",
    "disclosures": {
      "water_usage": {
        "status": "yes",
        "detail": "Reports total water consumption annually (8.1B gallons in 2024, up 88% since 2019). Reports fleet-wide WUE (~1.1 L/kWh).",
        "source_url": "https://sustainability.google/reports/google-2024-environmental-report/"
      },
      "energy_usage": {
        "status": "yes",
        "detail": "Reports total energy consumption and fleet-wide PUE (~1.10). Publishes carbon-free energy percentage.",
        "source_url": "https://sustainability.google/reports/google-2024-environmental-report/"
      },
      "per_facility_reporting": {
        "status": "partial",
        "detail": "Some facility-level data available (e.g., Council Bluffs 1B gallons in 2024), but not systematically published for all sites.",
        "source_url": "https://sustainability.google/reports/google-2024-environmental-report/"
      },
      "ai_specific_data": {
        "status": "yes",
        "detail": "Published per-query water estimate for Gemini (0.26 ml) via Google Cloud Blog (2025).",
        "source_url": "https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/infrastructure/measuring-the-environmental-impact-of-ai-inference/"
      },
      "water_pledge": {
        "status": "yes",
        "detail": "Pledged to replenish 120% of water consumed by 2030. Replenished ~4.5B gallons (~64%) in 2024.",
        "source_url": "https://sustainability.google/reports/google-2024-environmental-report/"
      }
    },
    "last_updated": "2026-03-22"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft",
    "name": "Microsoft (OpenAI)",
    "sustainability_report_url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/corporate-responsibility/sustainability/report",
    "disclosures": {
      "water_usage": {
        "status": "yes",
        "detail": "Reports total water consumption annually (6.4M cubic meters in 2022, 34% YoY increase). Explicitly attributed increase to AI infrastructure.",
        "source_url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/corporate-responsibility/sustainability/report"
      },
      "energy_usage": {
        "status": "yes",
        "detail": "Reports total energy consumption. Does not consistently report average PUE across fleet.",
        "source_url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/corporate-responsibility/sustainability/report"
      },
      "per_facility_reporting": {
        "status": "no",
        "detail": "Does not publish per-facility water or energy breakdowns.",
        "source_url": null
      },
      "ai_specific_data": {
        "status": "no",
        "detail": "No published water or energy data specific to AI workloads or OpenAI models.",
        "source_url": null
      },
      "water_pledge": {
        "status": "yes",
        "detail": "Pledged to be water positive by 2030 — replenish more water than consumed globally.",
        "source_url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/corporate-responsibility/sustainability/report"
      }
    },
    "last_updated": "2026-03-22"
  },
  {
    "id": "amazon",
    "name": "Amazon (AWS)",
    "sustainability_report_url": "https://sustainability.aboutamazon.com/",
    "disclosures": {
      "water_usage": {
        "status": "partial",
        "detail": "Reports water use but with less granularity than peers. Official total figures are less clear than Google or Microsoft.",
        "source_url": "https://sustainability.aboutamazon.com/"
      },
      "energy_usage": {
        "status": "partial",
        "detail": "Reports renewable energy progress (100% renewable by 2025 goal). Only market-based emissions reported, not location-based. Does not report PUE.",
        "source_url": "https://sustainability.aboutamazon.com/"
      },
      "per_facility_reporting": {
        "status": "no",
        "detail": "Does not publish per-facility water or energy data.",
        "source_url": null
      },
      "ai_specific_data": {
        "status": "no",
        "detail": "No published water or energy data specific to AI/ML workloads.",
        "source_url": null
      },
      "water_pledge": {
        "status": "yes",
        "detail": "Pledged to be water positive by 2030. Some AWS regions use zero-water cooling (e.g., Ireland, Sweden).",
        "source_url": "https://sustainability.aboutamazon.com/"
      }
    },
    "last_updated": "2026-03-22"
  },
  {
    "id": "meta",
    "name": "Meta (LLaMA)",
    "sustainability_report_url": "https://sustainability.fb.com/",
    "disclosures": {
      "water_usage": {
        "status": "yes",
        "detail": "Reports total water consumption (813M gallons in 2023, 95% from data centers). Reports WUE (~0.26 L/kWh), among the lowest in industry.",
        "source_url": "https://sustainability.fb.com/"
      },
      "energy_usage": {
        "status": "yes",
        "detail": "Reports total energy consumption and renewable energy progress.",
        "source_url": "https://sustainability.fb.com/"
      },
      "per_facility_reporting": {
        "status": "yes",
        "detail": "Some facility-level detail published (e.g., Prineville, OR uses zero water for cooling).",
        "source_url": "https://sustainability.fb.com/"
      },
      "ai_specific_data": {
        "status": "no",
        "detail": "No published water or energy data specific to AI workloads (LLaMA training, Reels inference, etc.).",
        "source_url": null
      },
      "water_pledge": {
        "status": "yes",
        "detail": "Committed to net-zero emissions across value chain by 2030; water stewardship investments ongoing.",
        "source_url": "https://sustainability.fb.com/"
      }
    },
    "last_updated": "2026-03-22"
  },
  {
    "id": "anthropic",
    "name": "Anthropic (Claude)",
    "sustainability_report_url": null,
    "disclosures": {
      "water_usage": {
        "status": "no",
        "detail": "No sustainability report or water usage data published as of March 2026.",
        "source_url": null
      },
      "energy_usage": {
        "status": "no",
        "detail": "No energy consumption data published. Relies on AWS and Google Cloud infrastructure.",
        "source_url": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/expanding-our-use-of-google-cloud-tpus-and-services"
      },
      "per_facility_reporting": {
        "status": "no",
        "detail": "Not applicable — Anthropic does not operate its own data centers.",
        "source_url": null
      },
      "ai_specific_data": {
        "status": "no",
        "detail": "No per-model or per-query energy or water data published.",
        "source_url": null
      },
      "water_pledge": {
        "status": "no",
        "detail": "No water-related sustainability commitments published.",
        "source_url": null
      }
    },
    "last_updated": "2026-03-22"
  },
  {
    "id": "perplexity",
    "name": "Perplexity",
    "sustainability_report_url": null,
    "disclosures": {
      "water_usage": {
        "status": "no",
        "detail": "No sustainability report or water usage data published as of March 2026.",
        "source_url": null
      },
      "energy_usage": {
        "status": "no",
        "detail": "No energy consumption data published. Relies on third-party cloud infrastructure (AWS, Azure, CoreWeave).",
        "source_url": "https://aws.amazon.com/solutions/case-studies/perplexity-bedrock-case-study/"
      },
      "per_facility_reporting": {
        "status": "no",
        "detail": "Not applicable — Perplexity does not operate its own data centers.",
        "source_url": null
      },
      "ai_specific_data": {
        "status": "no",
        "detail": "No per-query energy or water data published.",
        "source_url": null
      },
      "water_pledge": {
        "status": "no",
        "detail": "No water-related sustainability commitments published.",
        "source_url": null
      }
    },
    "last_updated": "2026-03-22"
  },
  {
    "id": "openai",
    "name": "OpenAI (ChatGPT)",
    "sustainability_report_url": null,
    "disclosures": {
      "water_usage": {
        "status": "partial",
        "detail": "CEO disclosed ~0.3 ml direct water per average ChatGPT query (mid-2025), but no total water consumption figures or methodology published. Excludes indirect water from electricity generation.",
        "source_url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/sam-altman-chatgpt-queries-consume-034-watt-hours-of-electricity-and-0000085-gallons-of-water/"
      },
      "energy_usage": {
        "status": "partial",
        "detail": "CEO disclosed ~0.34 Wh per average ChatGPT query (mid-2025). No total energy consumption figures published. Runs on Microsoft Azure infrastructure.",
        "source_url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/sam-altman-chatgpt-queries-consume-034-watt-hours-of-electricity-and-0000085-gallons-of-water/"
      },
      "per_facility_reporting": {
        "status": "no",
        "detail": "Does not operate its own data centers (runs on Microsoft Azure). No facility-level data published. Stargate project campuses are under construction.",
        "source_url": "https://openai.com/index/five-new-stargate-sites/"
      },
      "ai_specific_data": {
        "status": "partial",
        "detail": "Published per-query energy and water estimates for ChatGPT via CEO statement, but figures are unverified, exclude training costs, and definition of 'average query' is unclear.",
        "source_url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/sam-altman-chatgpt-queries-consume-034-watt-hours-of-electricity-and-0000085-gallons-of-water/"
      },
      "water_pledge": {
        "status": "partial",
        "detail": "Stargate project commits to closed-loop cooling and water positivity at new campuses via partner Vantage, but no company-wide water positive pledge published by OpenAI itself.",
        "source_url": "https://openai.com/index/stargate-community/"
      }
    },
    "last_updated": "2026-03-22"
  },
  {
    "id": "xai",
    "name": "xAI (Grok)",
    "sustainability_report_url": null,
    "disclosures": {
      "water_usage": {
        "status": "no",
        "detail": "No water usage data published. Memphis Colossus facility draws ~1.3M gallons/day from the aquifer per reporting by environmental groups, but xAI has not disclosed figures itself.",
        "source_url": "https://www.protectouraquifer.org/issues/xai-supercomputer"
      },
      "energy_usage": {
        "status": "no",
        "detail": "No energy consumption data published. Operates its own data centers with gas turbines and battery storage, but has not disclosed total energy usage.",
        "source_url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/elon-musk-xai-gas-turbines-memphis/"
      },
      "per_facility_reporting": {
        "status": "no",
        "detail": "Operates the Colossus facility in Memphis, TN, but publishes no environmental data for it. Environmental impact information comes from third-party investigations and permit filings.",
        "source_url": "https://www.protectouraquifer.org/issues/xai-supercomputer"
      },
      "ai_specific_data": {
        "status": "no",
        "detail": "No per-model or per-query energy or water data published for Grok models.",
        "source_url": null
      },
      "water_pledge": {
        "status": "partial",
        "detail": "Building an $80M water recycling plant to use treated wastewater instead of aquifer water at Memphis facility, expected operational late 2026. No formal company-wide water positive pledge.",
        "source_url": "https://www.governing.com/resilience/wastewater-will-cool-this-memphis-data-center"
      }
    },
    "last_updated": "2026-03-22"
  },
  {
    "id": "mistral",
    "name": "Mistral (Le Chat)",
    "sustainability_report_url": "https://mistral.ai/news/our-contribution-to-a-global-environmental-standard-for-ai",
    "disclosures": {
      "water_usage": {
        "status": "yes",
        "detail": "Published total water consumption for Mistral Large 2: 281,000 m3 over 18 months (training + inference). Conducted ISO 14040/44-compliant lifecycle analysis with Carbone 4 and ADEME.",
        "source_url": "https://mistral.ai/news/our-contribution-to-a-global-environmental-standard-for-ai"
      },
      "energy_usage": {
        "status": "yes",
        "detail": "Published energy data and greenhouse gas emissions (20.4 kt CO2e for Mistral Large 2 training + 18 months of use) via comprehensive lifecycle analysis.",
        "source_url": "https://mistral.ai/news/our-contribution-to-a-global-environmental-standard-for-ai"
      },
      "per_facility_reporting": {
        "status": "no",
        "detail": "Operates a 40 MW facility in Essonne, France and is building data centers in Sweden, but does not publish per-facility environmental breakdowns.",
        "source_url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250303970989/en/Fluidstack-Delivering-Europes-Largest-AI-Supercomputer-to-Mistral-AI-in-2025"
      },
      "ai_specific_data": {
        "status": "yes",
        "detail": "Published per-query environmental impact: 45 ml water, 1.14g CO2e, and 0.16 mg antimony-equivalent resource depletion per 400-token Le Chat response.",
        "source_url": "https://mistral.ai/news/our-contribution-to-a-global-environmental-standard-for-ai"
      },
      "water_pledge": {
        "status": "no",
        "detail": "No water positive or replenishment pledge. Committed to ongoing environmental reporting and contributing to international AI sustainability standards.",
        "source_url": null
      }
    },
    "last_updated": "2026-03-22"
  },
  {
    "id": "cohere",
    "name": "Cohere",
    "sustainability_report_url": null,
    "disclosures": {
      "water_usage": {
        "status": "no",
        "detail": "No sustainability report or water usage data published as of March 2026.",
        "source_url": null
      },
      "energy_usage": {
        "status": "no",
        "detail": "No energy consumption data published. Published a policy primer on AI energy efficiency but disclosed no data about its own operations. Relies on third-party cloud infrastructure.",
        "source_url": "https://cohere.com/research/papers/efficient-ai.pdf"
      },
      "per_facility_reporting": {
        "status": "no",
        "detail": "Not applicable — Cohere does not operate its own data centers.",
        "source_url": null
      },
      "ai_specific_data": {
        "status": "no",
        "detail": "No per-model or per-query energy or water data published.",
        "source_url": null
      },
      "water_pledge": {
        "status": "no",
        "detail": "No water-related sustainability commitments published.",
        "source_url": null
      }
    },
    "last_updated": "2026-03-22"
  }
]